NSC Life Sciences RNA and Protein Synthesis: Various options are provided as

Question

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. (1.1.1 to 1.1.10)

1.1.1 The components of a DNA molecule that provide the code for protein synthesis are the ...
A. sugars.
B. phosphates.
C. hydrogen bonds.
D. nitrogenous bases.

1.1.2 During which stage of meiosis do spindle fibres begin to form?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

1.1.3 An individual has Down syndrome, in the karyotype there is an abnormal number of chromosomes at chromosome pair ...
A. 13.
B. 21.
C. 46.
D. 23.

1.1.4 An individual that has received an identical allele from each parent is described as being ...
A. homozygous.
B. heterozygous.
C. dominant.
D. recessive.

1.1.5 A plant species has a diploid chromosome number of 12. Which ONE of the following is the haploid chromosome number?
A. 12
B. 6
C. 24
D. 36

1.1.6 Inheritance by multiple alleles in genetics refers to ...
A. one allele that influences two characteristics.
B. two alleles that influence one characteristic.
C. three alleles that influence one characteristic.
D. more than two alleles that influence two characteristics.

1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is a reproductive isolation mechanism?
A. Breeding at the same time of the year
B. Infertile offspring
C. Plant adaptation to the same pollinators
D. Improved fertilisation

1.1.8 Normal humans owe have ...
A. 22 autosomes and an X chromosome.
B. 23 autosomes and an X chromosome.
C. 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome.
D. 23 autosomes and a Y chromosome.

1.1.9 Which ONE of the following occurs in mitosis but NOT in meiosis?
A. Two cells are formed at the end of division
B. Crossing over takes place
C. Homologous chromosomes arrange at the equator
D. Centrioles form at the poles of the cell

1.1.10 The graph below shows the percentage similarity between human (Hu) DNA and the DNA of some species of African apes.

(Reference to the figure)

Which ONE of the following phylogenetic trees best represents the information in the graph?
A. Hu (ch) - Ga (Gi) - Rm (Gl)
B. Rm (Gl) - Hu (ch) - Ga (Gi)
C. Ga (Rm) - Ch (Hu)
D. Gi (Rm) - Ch (Hu)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.10)

1.2.1 Division of the cytoplasm of a cell during meiosis
1.2.2 The sugar molecule present in a nucleotide of RNA
1.2.3 The position of a gene on a chromosome
1.2.4 The process during which a DNA molecule makes an exact copy of itself
1.2.5 Undifferentiated cells that may be stimulated to develop into any type of body cell
1.2.6 Mendel's principle which states that an organism possesses two factors which separate so that each gamete contains only one of these factors
1.2.7 The evolutionary theory that proposes long periods where conditions do not change, alternating with short periods where rapid changes
1.2.8 A tangled network of DNA and protein located within the nucleus
1.2.9 The phase in the cell cycle during which cell growth occurs (10 x 1)
1.2.10 The phase in the cell cycle during which cell growth occurs

1.3 Match each of the statements in COLUMN I apply A: Population, B: Species, or C: Biotechnology to a particular place in COLUMN II. Write A only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)

COLUMN I                                    COLUMN II
1.3.1 Activities that influence human needs       A. Population
1.3.2 Organisms that can interbreed                 B. Species
1.3.3 Developed processes to satisfy human needs   C. Biotechnology

1.4 In tomato plants, tall stems (T) are dominant over short stems (t) and red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r).
A farmer crosses a homozygous tall, yellow tomato plant with a plant that is heterozygous for both characteristics.

1.4.1 Name this type of genetic cross.
1.4.2 Give the genotype of a homozygous tall, yellow tomato plant.
1.4.3 List the genotypes of ALL the possible gametes for a plant that is heterozygous for both characteristics.

1.5 Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait (Xh). The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of haemophilia in a family.
(Reference to the figure)

1.5.1 State what is represented by the squares on a pedigree diagram.
1.5.2 State the number of:
(a) Generations represented in this pedigree diagram
(b) Offspring of individuals P and Q
1.5.3 Give the:
(a) LETTERS ONLY, of females who have haemophilia
(b) Genotype of individual R.

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 2

1.1.1 The components of a DNA molecule that provide the code for protein synthesis are the ...

1.1.2 During which stage of meiosis do spindle fibres begin to form?

1.1.3 An individual has Down syndrome, in the karyotype there is an abnormal number of chromosomes at chromosome pair ...

1.1.4 An individual that has received an identical allele from each parent is described as being ...

1.1.5 A plant species has a diploid chromosome number of 12. Which ONE of the following is the haploid chromosome number?

1.1.6 Inheritance by multiple alleles in genetics refers to ...

1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is a reproductive isolation mechanism?

1.1.8 Normal humans owe have ...

1.1.9 Which ONE of the following occurs in mitosis but NOT in meiosis?

1.1.10 The graph below shows the percentage similarity between human (Hu) DNA and the DNA of some species of African apes.

1.2.1 Division of the cytoplasm of a cell during meiosis

1.2.2 The sugar molecule present in a nucleotide of RNA

1.2.3 The position of a gene on a chromosome

1.2.4 The process during which a DNA molecule makes an exact copy of itself

1.2.5 Undifferentiated cells that may be stimulated to develop into any type of body cell

1.2.6 Mendel's principle which states that an organism possesses two factors which separate so that each gamete contains only one of these factors

1.2.7 The evolutionary theory that proposes long periods where conditions do not change, alternating with short periods where rapid changes

1.2.8 A tangled network of DNA and protein located within the nucleus

1.2.9 The phase in the cell cycle during which cell growth occurs

1.3.1 Activities that influence human needs

1.3.2 Organisms that can interbreed

1.3.3 Developed processes to satisfy human needs

1.4.1 Name this type of genetic cross.

1.4.2 Give the genotype of a homozygous tall, yellow tomato plant.

1.4.3 List the genotypes of ALL the possible gametes for a plant that is heterozygous for both characteristics.

1.5.1 State what is represented by the squares on a pedigree diagram.

1.5.2 State the number of: (a) Generations represented in this pedigree diagram (b) Offspring of individuals P and Q

1.5.3 Give the: (a) LETTERS ONLY, of females who have haemophilia (b) Genotype of individual R.

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