Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
1.1.1 Which ONE of the following characteristics applies to bipedal organisms?
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Answer
The correct characteristic for bipedal organisms is D. An S-shaped spine, which supports upright posture and aids in locomotion.
Step 2
1.1.2 Which ONE of the following statements about biodiversity is CORRECT?
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Answer
The correct statement is A. Speciation increases biodiversity, as the formation of new species contributes to the variety of life forms present in an ecosystem.
Step 3
1.1.3 Which ONE of the following compounds contains amino acids?
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The correct compound that contains amino acids is B. Protein. Proteins are made from chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Step 4
1.1.4 Which statements describe the characteristics of discontinuous variation?
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Answer
The correct answer is C. Q, R, and S only. This indicates characteristics that can be classified distinctly, such as the presence of earlobes and blood group type.
Step 5
1.2.1 The analysis of DNA samples to identify individuals that may be related.
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Answer
The correct biological term is DNA profiling.
Step 6
1.2.2 The sugar found in RNA.
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The sugar found in RNA is ribose.
Step 7
1.2.3 The structure in an animal cell that forms spindle fibres.
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Answer
The structure is called the centrioles.
Step 8
1.2.4 Undifferentiated animal cells that can give rise to specialised cell types.
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These are known as stem cells.
Step 9
1.2.5 The division of the cytoplasm after a cell nucleus has divided.
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This process is referred to as cytokinesis.
Step 10
1.2.6 A diagram representing possible evolutionary relationships between species.
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This is called a phylogenetic tree.
Step 11
1.4.3 Give the mRNA sequence, from left to right, for this segment of DNA.
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Assuming the DNA segment translates directly, the mRNA sequence will be complementary to the DNA template strand.
Step 12
1.4.4 Give the sequence of amino acids that would be coded for by the section of DNA above.
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The sequence translation based on the provided DNA triplets yields Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Threonine, Asparagine, Leucine, Methionine.
Step 13
1.4.5 Give the anticodon for the amino acid methionine.
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The anticodon for methionine, which is coded by the triplet AUG, is UAC.
Step 14
1.5.1 (a) This disorder.
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This disorder is known as Down syndrome.
Step 15
1.5.1 (b) The phase in meiosis when non-disjunction occurs.
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Answer
Non-disjunction can occur during Anaphase I or Anaphase II of meiosis.
Step 16
1.5.1 (c) The type of mutation that is a result of non-disjunction.
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The type of mutation is aneuploidy.
Step 17
1.5.2 Identify the type of chromosomes numbered 1 to 22.
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These chromosomes are known as autosomes.
Step 18
1.6.1 (a) TWO hominid genera in the table above.
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Two hominid genera are Sahelanthropus and Australopithecus.
Step 19
1.6.1 (b) TWO fossils of A. africanus that were found in South Africa.
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Two fossils are Taung Child and Mrs. Ples.
Step 20
1.6.1 (c) The genus that appeared first on Earth as shown in the table.
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The first genus to appear on Earth is Sahelanthropus.
Step 21
1.6.2 Which hominid had a cranial capacity closest to that of Homo sapiens?
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The hominid with the closest cranial capacity is Homo neanderthalensis.
Step 22
1.6.3 Give the smallest cranial capacity (in cm³) of a Homo species.
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The smallest cranial capacity of a Homo species is approximately 650 cm³.
Step 23
1.6.4 When did Australopithecus africanus become extinct?
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Australopithecus africanus is estimated to have become extinct around 2 million years ago.
Step 24
1.6.5 Name TWO other lines of evidence.
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Two other lines of evidence are genetic evidence and cultural evidence.
