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The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology) - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 4
The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology). These cities would be built close to la... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology) - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain why it has been proposed that a river mouth needs to be dammed for effective tidal power electricity generation.
Answer
Damming a river mouth is proposed to create a significant tidal difference, which is essential for effective energy generation. When water flows through the dam at high tide and is trapped at low tide, it increases the volume of water that can be harnessed to turn turbines. This method optimizes energy extraction and makes the project more cost-effective, as it takes advantage of the natural tidal cycles.
Step 2
Continue by discussing TWO separate alternative forms of electricity generation with the ocean as a source.
Answer
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Harvesting Wind Energy: Coastal areas with strong, consistent winds can utilize wind turbines. These turbines convert wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. The tall structures and large blades efficiently capture wind energy, making it a viable supplement to tidal energy.
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Harvesting Wave Energy: Wave energy converters can harness the up-and-down movement of waves to generate electricity. Systems designed with pistons can work efficiently, converting wave motion into electrical output, thus offering another renewable energy source.
Step 3
Discuss how South Africa can act immediately to manage energy supply.
Answer
South Africa can manage its energy supply by investing in renewable energy infrastructure. Immediate actions may include:
- Implementing energy efficiency measures: Encouraging industries to reduce their energy consumption and adopt renewable sources.
- Increasing public education: Raising awareness about the importance of renewable energy among citizens and businesses to foster a culture of sustainability.
- Expanding the renewable energy grid: Providing incentives for businesses to invest in renewable systems, such as solar or wind, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Step 4
Critically evaluate the government's focus on international private investment in a public-private project.
Answer
While international private investment can provide essential funding and technological expertise, there are potential drawbacks to consider. The involvement of foreign entities might lead to:
- Dependence on external resources, which can affect national control over energy policies.
- Profit-sharing concerns, where significant profits may not be reinvested locally. Conversely, such investments can stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities, thus a balanced evaluation of both pros and cons is crucial.
Step 5
In your conclusion, discuss why smart cities need renewable energy.
Answer
Smart cities require renewable energy to sustain their technological advancements and meet sustainability goals. Renewable sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the ecological footprint. Additionally, integrating renewable energy with smart technologies enhances resilience against power shortages, provides cost-effective solutions in the long run, and supports the global movement toward sustainable urban development.