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Read the case study and view the map below to answer the question that follows - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 4
Read the case study and view the map below to answer the question that follows. The map below is an area found along the south coast of South Africa. The area withi... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the case study and view the map below to answer the question that follows - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Define and explain what MPAs are.
Answer
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated sections of the ocean that receive enhanced protection compared to surrounding areas. They serve to conserve marine biodiversity and ecosystems while supporting sustainable use of marine resources. MPAs can include biosphere reserves, fishery reserves, and marine sanctuaries. One common example is a no-take marine reserve, where all extractive activities are prohibited to allow ecosystems to thrive without human interference.
Step 2
Discuss how Pressley's checklist will be used as a participatory approach with the residents and other owners in location A, to motivate for the expansion of the MPA.
Answer
Pressley’s checklist involves identifying stakeholders such as residents, conservation groups, and government officials. Engaging these stakeholders in discussions about the conservation initiatives can foster collaboration. By outlining the conservation goals, such as protecting regional biodiversity and improving local livelihoods through ecotourism, and soliciting feedback, residents can feel ownership over the process. Data collected, such as fish counts and biodiversity assessments, will also support the justification for expanding the MPA.
Step 3
Elaborate on how the local government will determine whether the MPA expansion project is successful or not.
Answer
The success of the MPA expansion project can be measured through various indicators. These may include the biodiversity status of marine life and habitat conditions, which can be monitored through surveys and research studies. Additionally, evaluating stakeholder engagement and community awareness post-expansion will provide insights into the social dimension of success. If there is an increase in biodiversity abundance and successful stakeholder involvement, the project could be deemed successful.
Step 4
Discuss why location A should have been included as part of the original MPA.
Answer
Location A is critical because it is an estuary known to be a breeding ground for various marine species. Estuaries often have high nutrient levels and serve as nursery areas for juvenile fish. Recognizing this area as part of the MPA would have allowed for better conservation efforts, enhancing biodiversity and promoting sustainable tourism practices. Including location A within the MPA could contribute to ecological stability and restoration of marine habitats.
Step 5
Discuss the potential impact of the MPA extension project on the livelihoods of the residents close to location A.
Answer
The MPA extension project could have both positive and negative impacts on local residents. On the positive side, ecotourism opportunities may increase, providing jobs and income for local communities. There may also be funding for conservation efforts, leading to improved environmental management. Conversely, restrictions on fishing and land use may affect the livelihoods of those who depend on these activities. Effective communication and community involvement are essential for balancing ecological benefits with local economic needs.