NSC Physical Sciences Organic Compounds and Macromolecules: 2.1 Define the term hydrocarbon.

Question

2.1 Define the term hydrocarbon.

A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that consists solely of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms. They can be classified into two main categories: aliphatic hydrocarbons, which include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain at least one aromatic ring.

2.2 Write down the letter(s) for:

2.2.1 TWO compounds that are UNSATURATED hydrocarbons.

The unsaturated hydrocarbons are B and C.

2.2.2 TWO compounds that are CHAIN ISOMERS of each other.

The chain isomers are A and F.

2.2.3 A secondary alcohol.

The secondary alcohol is F.

2.3 Write down the:

2.3.1 STRUCTURAL formula of the FUNCTIONAL ISOMER of compound D.

The functional isomer of compound D (which is an aldehyde) has the structural formula:

```
   H   H
   |   |
H--C--C--C--C--H
   |  /
   O
```

2.3.2 General formula of the homologous series to which compound B belongs.

The general formula for compound B, which is an alkene, is CnH2n.

2.3.3 STRUCTURAL formula of compound C.

The structural formula of compound C (3-ethylpent-1-yne) can be illustrated as:

```
  H   H   H
  |   |   |
H--C--C≡C--C--C--H
  |   |   |
  H   H   H
```

2.4 Write down the IUPAC name of compound:

2.4.1 E

The IUPAC name of compound E is 2-pentene.

2.4.2 G

The IUPAC name of compound G is 2-pentanol.

2.4.3 H

The IUPAC name of compound H is butanal.

2.5 Compound B undergoes complete combustion. Using MOLECULAR FORMULAE, write down the balanced equation for this reaction.

The balanced combustion equation for compound B (C6H12) is:

$$C_6H_{12} + 9O_2 → 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

2.1 Define the term hydrocarbon - NSC Physical Sciences - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 Define the term hydrocarbon - NSC Physical Sciences - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 2

Define the term hydrocarbon.

TWO compounds that are UNSATURATED hydrocarbons.

TWO compounds that are CHAIN ISOMERS of each other.

A secondary alcohol.

STRUCTURAL formula of the FUNCTIONAL ISOMER of compound D.

General formula of the homologous series to which compound B belongs.

STRUCTURAL formula of compound C.

IUPAC name of compound E.

IUPAC name of compound G.

IUPAC name of compound H.

Write down the balanced equation for the complete combustion of compound B.

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