Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon - NSC Physical Sciences - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 2
Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Write down the:
2.2.1 Letter that represents an UNSATURATED hydrocarbon
2.2.2 IUPAC name of compound A
2.2.3 IUPAC name ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon - NSC Physical Sciences - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon.
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) or triple bond (C≡C). This allows for the possibility of additional atoms, such as hydrogen, to bond with the carbon atoms, resulting in a structure that can undergo further reactions.
Step 2
Letter that represents an UNSATURATED hydrocarbon
99%
104 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The letter that represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon is 'C'.
Step 3
IUPAC name of compound A
96%
101 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The IUPAC name of compound A is 'butane'.
Step 4
IUPAC name of the POSITIONAL isomer of compound B
98%
120 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The IUPAC name of the positional isomer of compound B is '2-methylpropane'.
Step 5
IUPAC name of compound D
97%
117 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The IUPAC name of compound D is 'but-2-ene'.
Step 6
Balanced equation, using MOLECULAR FORMULA, for the complete combustion of compound A
97%
121 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The balanced equation for the complete combustion of butane (C4H10) is:
ightarrow 8CO_2 + 10H_2O$$
Step 7
Define the term functional isomer.
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Functional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the functional groups present. This results in different chemical properties despite having the same arrangement of atoms.
Step 8
Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of each of these two FUNCTIONAL isomers
99%
104 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
For the functional isomers of C4H8O, the structural formulas are:
For butanol (an alcohol):
For butan-2-one (a ketone):
Step 9
Determine the molecular formula of compound E by means of a calculation.
96%
101 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
To determine the molecular formula of compound E:
Calculate the moles of carbon:
moles_{C} = rac{mass}{molar ext{ }mass} = rac{1.09 ext{ g}}{12.01 ext{ g/mol}} = 0.0908 ext{ mol}
Calculate the moles of hydrogen:
moles_{H} = rac{0.18 ext{ g}}{1.008 ext{ g/mol}} = 0.1785 ext{ mol}
Determine the ratio:
The simplest ratio is approximately 1:2.
The empirical formula is C1H2.
To find the molecular formula, compare the molar mass:
extMolarmassofempiricalformula=1∗12+2∗1=14extg/mol
Compound E has a molar mass of 88 g/mol, which suggests that:
rac{88 ext{ g/mol}}{14 ext{ g/mol}} ext{ approximately equals } 6.
