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Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 5
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights reads: Everyone has the right to freedom of opi... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
What steps has South Africa taken to uphold the Declaration above?
Answer
South Africa adopted a democratic Constitution in 1994, which guarantees protection of human rights. This includes:
- Religious Equality: The Constitution ensures equality among different religions, prohibiting discrimination based on religion.
- Human Rights Commission: This body is tasked with investigating human rights abuses, ensuring accountability for violations.
- Multi-Faith Services: These services are held regularly, inviting all faiths to celebrate human rights and promote understanding.
- Constitutional Court: This court reviews laws to ensure they align with the Constitution, safeguarding religious liberties.
- Education on Religions: Introducing Religion Studies in schools helps educate learners on various religions, fostering respect and tolerance.
Step 2
Explain the different ways in which this Declaration is applied in Western and Eastern cultures.
Answer
In Western cultures, the Declaration is characterized by:
- Religious Tolerance: Society generally allows individuals to express their beliefs freely as long as they are not conflicting with others' rights.
- Secular Worldviews: There is recognition of secular perspectives, ensuring that individuals can hold non-religious beliefs without persecution.
In Eastern cultures, the Declaration manifests differently:
- Pluralism: Many people practice multiple religions simultaneously, reflecting a blend of beliefs rather than strict adherence to one faith.
- Community Focus: Religion plays a role in social cohesion, where the community supports an individual’s freedom to choose or change beliefs without personal alienation.
Step 3
There are countries that do NOT respect Article 18. Name ONE such country and give details of how freedom of religion is violated.
Answer
One country that does not respect Article 18 is Sri Lanka. The government recognizes Buddhism as the primary religion, which restricts the rights of other religious groups. Violations include:
- Discrimination: Extremist groups undermine the rights of Christians, leading to discrimination against Christian practices.
- Violence and Intimidation: Christians face harassment and attacks, especially in attempts to convert others.
- Limited Legal Protections: Although laws may exist for freedom of religion, enforcement is weak, resulting in impunity for those who commit acts of violence against minority faiths.
Step 4
Refer to the teachings of any ONE religion and explain how these teachings promote human rights.
Answer
In Christianity, the core teachings promote respect for human rights through scriptures like:
- Sanctity of Life: The commandment "Thou shalt not kill" emphasizes the value of every human life, promoting the right to life.
- Love and Support: Teachings such as "You shall love your neighbor as yourself" (Mark 12:31) encourage Christians to respect others' rights and support their wellbeing.
- Service and Charity: The teachings of the church encourage providing basic needs for those in need, highlighting the importance of social justice.
Step 5
What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing people 'freedom to change their religion or belief'?
Answer
Advantages:
- Personal Freedom: Individuals have the right to explore different beliefs without coercion, fostering autonomy and personal expression.
- Cultural Diversity: Different beliefs can enrich communities, encouraging tolerance and understanding among diverse populations.
Disadvantages:
- Confusion and Conflict: Individuals may struggle with identity when changing beliefs, which can lead to confusion or conflict within families and communities.
- Social Disruption: Potential for community unrest and backlash as established groups may resist changes to the religious landscape, leading to social tension.