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Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 5
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN In 1983 President Nimeiry of Sudan declared that the entire country would be rul... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
5.1 Briefly discuss the events that led to the establishment of South Sudan.
Answer
The establishment of South Sudan was influenced by a variety of factors. Initially, the north of Sudan was primarily Arabic-speaking, while the south consisted of tribes with different languages and beliefs, including Christians and animists.
One of the key events leading to the establishment was President Nimeiry's decision in 1983 to impose Islamic law (Sharia) across the entire country, which negatively affected the predominantly non-Muslim south. This declaration led to the formation of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) in response to the escalating discontent.
The SPLA soon fractured into various factions based on tribal affiliations, further complicating the internal conflict. Additionally, resource discoveries, like oil in the south, fueled tensions and encouraged political control attempts by the north, resulting in continued warfare. The culmination of these factors eventually led to the region's independence in 2011.
Step 2
5.2 To what extent does religion play a part in the conflict?
Answer
Religion plays a relatively minor role in the broader conflict, though it has been a contributing factor. The primary tensions stem from historical grievances and economic disparities between the north and south rather than solely from religious differences.
While Islamic law was imposed by the northern government, the conflict's roots are more related to ethnic and tribal divisions. Notably, various groups within both communities engage in various roles, including Muslims in the SPLA, which demonstrates that religious affiliation is not a singular dividing factor.
Step 3
5.3 Why do you think religious organisations generally find it difficult to resolve conflict in many parts of the world?
Answer
Religious organisations often face challenges in conflict resolution due to several factors:
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Bias: They may be seen as favouring one political group over another, which can undermine their neutrality.
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Limited Influence: Their influence is often constrained by lack of funding and infrastructure to effectively mediate peace.
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Fragmented Leadership: Many organisations may not have a unified approach or may compete with one another, leading to inconsistent messaging.
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Lack of Enforcement Mechanisms: Without a strong backing, they cannot enforce agreements or hold conflicting parties accountable.
Step 4
5.4 What lessons can South Africa teach Sudan to end the conflict?
Answer
South Africa's experience offers valuable lessons in conflict resolution, particularly in fostering a united government of national unity (GNU) that includes all factions involved in the conflict.
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Disarmament: Emphasise disarmament of all warring factions to prevent future violence.
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Anti-Corruption Measures: Implement strong anti-corruption measures for government officials to build public trust.
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Truth and Reconciliation Process: Establish a truth and reconciliation commission to address past atrocities and promote healing.
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Judicial Independence: Ensure that an independent judiciary is in place to protect all citizens and uphold the rule of law.