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Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 5
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN In 1983 President Nimeiry of Sudan declared that the entire country would be rul... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
Briefly discuss the events that led to the establishment of South Sudan.
Answer
The establishment of South Sudan in 2011 was a culmination of prolonged conflict and political struggles stemming from several key events.
Initially, President Nimeiry's 1983 declaration to impose Islamic law across Sudan marginalized non-Muslims, predominantly from the south. This led to the formation of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in response to perceived oppression and injustice.
The SPLA quickly became embroiled in internal divisions, primarily along tribal lines, which further exacerbated the conflict. The Sudanese government's support for the SPLA-Nasir faction intensified the strife, resulting in significant loss of life in the southern regions. Continued warfare and economic disparities between the North and the South ultimately paved the way for a referendum, where South Sudan voted for independence, thus formally establishing itself as a new nation.
Step 2
To what extent does religion play a part in the conflict?
Answer
Religion plays a minor role in the conflict in Sudan. While the imposition of Sharia law under President Nimeiry was a significant factor, it was not the primary cause of the extensive violence.
Both Christian and animist groups in the south faced oppression, but Muslims also experienced conflict within the SPLA.
The complex nature of the Sudanese conflict is driven more by political, cultural, and economic struggles rather than solely religious disagreements.
Step 3
Why do you think religious organisations generally find it difficult to resolve conflict in many parts of the world?
Answer
Religious organizations often struggle to resolve conflicts due to numerous factors:
- Diverse Ideologies: Different interpretations of faith can lead to divisions within communities and impact consensus.
- Limited Authority: Many organizations lack the political power or influence necessary to enforce peace agreements.
- Resource Constraints: Funding and resources are often limited, relying primarily on donations, which can restrict their operational capacity.
- Competing Interests: Various organizations may have conflicting agendas, making cooperation for peace challenging.
- Escalation of Conflict: The presence of multiple factions can complicate negotiations, as one group’s interest may directly oppose another's goals.
Step 4
What lessons can South Africa teach Sudan to end the conflict?
Answer
South Africa's approach to conflict resolution offers valuable insights:
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Establishing a commission to address past grievances and promote healing can help members of conflicting groups come to terms with their history.
- Inclusive Governance: Forming a government of national unity that incorporates various factions can foster a collaborative political environment.
- Civil Society Engagement: Encouraging grassroots involvement in peacebuilding initiatives can ensure that all voices are heard and recognized.
- Judicial Framework: A functional judicial system that upholds justice is crucial for protecting citizens' rights and ensuring accountability.
- External Mediation: Involving neutral third parties can facilitate dialogue and help mediate disputes between conflicting parties.