Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 2

The conflict in Myanmar primarily revolves around the persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority by the Buddhist majority. Historically, Myanmar has been predominantly Buddhist, leading to tensions with the Rohingya, who are seen as outsiders. Following increased communal violence and oppression, many Rohingya have fled to neighboring countries, while others remain in camps facing discrimination and violence.

The international community has responded through various means, including condemnation of Myanmar's actions by the United Nations and several countries. Amnesty International has investigated abuses, and countries such as Bangladesh have accepted Rohingya refugees. Additionally, legal actions have been taken in international courts against Myanmar's government for human rights violations.

Religion plays a significant role in the conflict, as the Rohingya identify as Muslims in a predominantly Buddhist country. The Buddhist nationalist movements have been accused of promoting anti-Muslim sentiment, and many of the atrocities against the Rohingya are framed in religious terms, as Buddhist monks have been involved in inciting violence.

1. The conflict between Sunni and Shia Muslims is one of the most significant intrareligious conflicts, predominantly occurring in Iraq and Syria.
2. The historical rift dates back to the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD, leading to disputes over leadership.
3. Sunni Muslims make up approximately 85-90% of the Islamic population, whereas Shia Muslims comprise the remaining 10-15%.
4. This sectarian conflict has resulted in extensive violence, especially after the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
5. Key actors in the conflict include the Iraqi government and various militant organizations that align with either Sunni or Shia ideologies.