Context: The American Court Process

The Way American Courts Worked

The trial of Tom Robinson is a key event in To Kill a Mockingbird. This section explains how courts operated in Alabama during the 1930s and highlights issues of racial bias in the justice system.

Key Roles in the Courtroom

• Judge – Oversees the trial but does not decide guilt or innocence.
• Jury – A group of 12 people who determine the verdict.
• Prosecutor – A lawyer who argues that the accused is guilty.
• Defence Lawyer – A lawyer who argues that the accused is innocent.
• Witnesses – People who provide evidence to support either side.

Court Process in the 1930s

• In Alabama, juries consisted only of 12 white men, reflecting racial discrimination in the legal system.
• Both prosecutors and defence lawyers question the accused and their witnesses.
• Lawyers also cross-examine (question) the other side's witnesses.
• After hearing all evidence, the judge instructs the jury to carefully consider their decision.
• The jury leaves the courtroom to discuss the case privately and reach a verdict. This process plays a crucial role in the injustice faced by Tom Robinson, highlighting the racism in American courts during that time.