Human factors that cause ill-health

Introduction to Ill-Health

Ill-health refers to a state where a person's physical, mental, or social well-being is negatively affected.
It can be caused by human factors such as lifestyle choices, behaviour, and social conditions.
Preventable illnesses arise due to poor decision-making, lack of resources, or environmental conditions.

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Unhealthy Diet – Consuming excessive junk food, processed foods, and sugary drinks increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
Lack of Physical Activity – A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weakened muscles, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases.
Substance Abuse – The use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs leads to health problems such as liver disease, lung cancer, and mental disorders.
Unsafe Sexual Behaviour – Increases the risk of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

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Poverty – Lack of access to nutritious food, healthcare, and clean water increases vulnerability to illness.
Poor Living Conditions – Overcrowded areas and inadequate sanitation contribute to the spread of infectious diseases.
Cultural Practices – Some traditions may promote harmful behaviours, such as early marriages, female genital mutilation, or refusal to seek medical care.
Mental Health Stigma – Some communities discourage seeking professional help for mental illnesses, leading to untreated anxiety and depression.

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Pollution – Exposure to air, water, and soil pollution increases the risk of respiratory diseases, cancers, and infections.
Occupational Hazards – Unsafe working conditions can result in injuries, lung diseases (from toxic fumes), and hearing loss (from loud noise exposure).
Climate Change – Rising temperatures and extreme weather events contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever.

Personal Consequences

Reduced quality of life and increased suffering.
Lower life expectancy due to chronic illnesses.
Mental distress leading to depression and anxiety.
Social Consequences
- Increased strain on families and communities.
- Higher healthcare costs burdening society.
- Reduced productivity in schools and workplaces.