SSCE HSC Biology Adaptations and survival: 26. (a) Compare proteins and pol

Question

26. (a) Compare proteins and polypeptides.

Proteins and polypeptides are both chains of amino acids, but they differ in size and complexity. Proteins are larger molecules typically consisting of one or more long polypeptide chains, which can fold into complex structures allowing for the diverse functionalities of proteins in biological systems. On the other hand, polypeptides generally refer to shorter chains of amino acids that may not have been folded into their functional form yet.

Additionally, proteins can be made up of multiple polypeptide chains that work together, while polypeptides can exist independently or as part of a larger protein structure.

(b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a protein produced by cells in the hypothalamus. The AVP gene codes for the production of ADH.

(i) Outline the steps to show how a mutation in the AVP gene could result in changes in the ADH protein.

A mutation in the AVP gene can alter the DNA sequence, which may change the mRNA transcribed from this gene. Since mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis, any mutation could lead to a different sequence of amino acids being incorporated into the ADH protein during translation. This altered amino acid sequence may affect how the protein folds, consequently impacting its shape and functionality. Such a structural change could impair its ability to bind to its receptors or carry out its biological role effectively.

(ii) Identify ONE possible effect of the AVP mutation on kidney function.

One possible effect of the AVP mutation on kidney function is reduced water reabsorption, leading to increased urine output and potential dehydration.

26. (a) Compare proteins and polypeptides - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 26 - 2018 - Paper 1

Worked Solution & Example Answer:26. (a) Compare proteins and polypeptides - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 26 - 2018 - Paper 1

Compare proteins and polypeptides.

Outline the steps to show how a mutation in the AVP gene could result in changes in the ADH protein.

Identify ONE possible effect of the AVP mutation on kidney function.

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