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Explain how our knowledge of chromosome structure has led to reproductive technologies that have the potential to alter the path of evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 30 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 30
Explain how our knowledge of chromosome structure has led to reproductive technologies that have the potential to alter the path of evolution.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how our knowledge of chromosome structure has led to reproductive technologies that have the potential to alter the path of evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 30 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
Knowledge of Chromosome Structure
Answer
Chromosomes are structures within cells composed of DNA, which encode the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of organisms. Understanding the structure of chromosomes allows scientists to comprehend how genes are inherited and expressed, facilitating advancements in genetic research.
Step 2
Relation between Chromosome Structure and Inheritance
Answer
The arrangement of genes on chromosomes plays a critical role in inheritance patterns. During sexual reproduction, homologous chromosomes separate through meiosis, leading to genetic variation in offspring. This knowledge is vital for reproductive technologies such as genetic engineering and cloning.
Step 3
Reproductive Technology: Genetic Engineering
Answer
Genetic engineering techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable precise alterations to an organism's genetic makeup by targeting specific genes. This technology has the potential to introduce desirable traits into populations, drastically affecting evolution by allowing traits to spread rapidly through generations.
Step 4
Possible Impacts on Evolution
Answer
By manipulating chromosome structures, reproductive technologies can create organisms with traits that might not arise naturally. For instance, if a gene conferring resistance to diseases is introduced into a population, the survival and reproduction rates of those organisms will increase, influencing the evolutionary path. This intervention may lead to a population that is genetically uniform, thereby limiting genetic diversity.