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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and the development of melanoma, a type of skin cancer - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 27 - 2001 - Paper 1
Question 27
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and the development of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. The graph sh... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and the development of melanoma, a type of skin cancer - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 27 - 2001 - Paper 1
Step 1
Analyse the statement regarding melanoma incidence
Answer
The graph indicates a clear trend of increasing melanoma incidence in both males and females over the period from 1972 to 1997. It is noticeable that the rate for males is consistently higher than that for females, aligning with the student's assertion that the incidence is greater in males. However, a pivotal observation is that while the data shows a trend, it does not definitively provide evidence that this increase will continue post-1997.
Furthermore, the data includes information only up to 1997, cautioning against making future predictions. Trends can change due to various factors, including public health initiatives, changes in UV exposure, or advancements in skin cancer treatment and awareness. Therefore, the definitive claim that the escalation will persist into the future for males over females lacks substantial backing from the graph.
In summary, while the trend indicates higher occurrences in males, predicting continued increase necessitates additional data beyond 1997.
Step 2
Evaluate limitations in the data
Answer
The primary limitation in the data is that it only includes results until 1997. Without subsequent data, any assertion about trends continuing beyond this time is speculative and unsubstantiated. Additionally, the graph does not account for potential changes in reporting methods, social behaviors regarding sun exposure, or the influence of prevention campaigns on melanoma incidence. Such factors could significantly affect future trends and render past observations less applicable.