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Explain how Darwin/Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection and isolation accounts for convergent evolution - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 26 - 2014 - Paper 1
Question 26
Explain how Darwin/Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection and isolation accounts for convergent evolution. Use an example to support your answer.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how Darwin/Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection and isolation accounts for convergent evolution - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 26 - 2014 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain how Darwin/Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection accounts for convergent evolution.
Answer
Convergent evolution occurs when two species, which are not closely related, evolve similar characteristics due to similar environmental pressures. This process is explained by Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution through natural selection. When organisms inhabit similar environments, they face analogous challenges that select for similar traits over generations, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor.
Natural selection acts on the variations within a population, favoring those adaptations that enhance survival and reproduction. For instance, as both species adapt to similar ecological niches, traits that improve their fitness in those environments will be refined.
Step 2
Use an example to support your answer.
Answer
An excellent example of convergent evolution is observed in dolphins and sharks. Dolphins are mammals, while sharks are fish; however, both have evolved streamlined bodies and similar tail shapes. These adaptations are necessary for efficient movement through water, highlighting how natural selection can lead to similar adaptations in unrelated groups. Despite their different evolutionary paths, both have developed features that are advantageous for their aquatic environments.