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a) (i) Name an ancient Australian Aboriginal use of biotechnology - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 31 - 2004 - Paper 1
Question 31
a) (i) Name an ancient Australian Aboriginal use of biotechnology. (ii) Describe how the breeding of animals with desired characteristics may be considered as early... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) (i) Name an ancient Australian Aboriginal use of biotechnology - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 31 - 2004 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
a) (ii) Describe how the breeding of animals with desired characteristics may be considered as early biotechnology.
Answer
The selective breeding of animals with desired traits, such as size, temperament, or disease resistance, illustrates early biotechnology. This practice enabled humans to influence the genetic composition of animal populations, leading to improved livestock and agricultural yields over generations.
Step 3
b) (i) Provide an outline of the method followed in this investigation.
Answer
- Sample Collection: Obtain a sample containing DNA (e.g., plant or animal tissue).
- Cell Lysis: Use a buffer solution to break down cellular membranes and release DNA.
- Precipitation: Add alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) to precipitate DNA out of the solution.
- Wash and Collect: Wash the precipitated DNA with alcohol to purify it, then let it dry.
- Storage: Store the extracted DNA in a suitable buffer.
Step 4
b) (ii) Outline uses of extracted DNA in biotechnology.
Answer
Extracted DNA is utilized in various biotechnological applications such as:
- Genetic Testing: Identification of genetic disorders through analysis of DNA sequences.
- Forensic Science: DNA profiling for criminal investigations or paternity testing.
- Cloning and Gene Therapy: Inserting specific genes into organisms to study function or treat diseases.
Step 5
c) Discuss, using named examples, the impact of the application of biotechnology on society.
Answer
Biotechnology has profoundly impacted society in various ways:
- Medical Advances: The development of insulin through genetically modified bacteria has improved diabetes management.
- Agricultural Improvements: Genetically modified crops, such as Bt cotton, reduce pest damage, increasing food security.
- Environmental Applications: Bioremediation uses microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments, showcasing positive ecological impacts.
Step 6
d) (i) Outline the process of gene splicing to produce recombinant DNA.
Answer
Gene splicing involves the following steps:
- Isolation: Identify and isolate the target gene of interest from a donor organism.
- Cutting: Use restriction enzymes to cut both the target gene and the plasmid vector at specific sites.
- Ligation: Combine the target gene with the plasmid vector using DNA ligase, forming recombinant DNA.
- Transformation: Introduce the recombinant DNA into host cells, allowing them to express the new gene.
Step 7
d) (ii) Propose an impact on the environment if the fluorescent fish are actually released.
Answer
If fluorescent zebra fish are released into the wild, they could disrupt local ecosystems. Their bright coloration might make them more susceptible to predators, which could alter predator-prey dynamics. Additionally, if they interbreed with native fish, it could lead to loss of genetic diversity and potentially threaten native species' survival.
Step 8
d) (iii) Explain why some groups in society may have different views about the use of DNA technology to produce zebra fish.
Answer
Different groups may have varied opinions on DNA technology for several reasons:
- Ethical Concerns: Some groups oppose genetic modification on ethical grounds, believing it infringes on natural processes.
- Environmental Risks: Environmentalists may worry about ecological impacts, such as potential invasiveness of genetically modified organisms.
- Cultural Values: Views on biotechnology can be influenced by cultural beliefs regarding nature and food sources, leading to diverse opinions among communities.