The diagram shows a step in protein synthesis - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 33 - 2016 - Paper 1

The mRNA moves towards the ribosome where protein synthesis occurs. This movement is facilitated by the mRNA being formed in a 5' to 3' direction, allowing ribosomes to read the mRNA strand sequentially from the 5' end, effectively synthesizing the corresponding protein.

The experiment aimed to measure the rate of enzyme activity using fresh samples containing the enzyme catalase and monitoring the production of oxygen. It was crucial to control variables such as pH and temperature, as these influence enzyme activity. This understanding can greatly benefit biotechnology, particularly in optimizing conditions for enzyme-use in industrial processes, such as food production and biotechnology applications.

PCR is utilized in biotechnology for amplifying specific DNA sequences. This is crucial for various applications, including genetic analysis, diagnosis of diseases, and forensic science, as it allows researchers to obtain sufficient amounts of DNA from minimal samples.

1. Cut the Plasmid using a restriction enzyme.
2. Cut DNA of interest with the same restriction enzyme.
3. Combine the cut plasmid and DNA of interest.
4. Add DNA ligase to seal the DNA fragments together.
5. Introduce the recombinant DNA into a host organism to replicate.