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'The application of modern reproductive techniques in plant and animal breeding limits genetic diversity.' Discuss this statement. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2015 - Paper 1
Question 29
'The application of modern reproductive techniques in plant and animal breeding limits genetic diversity.' Discuss this statement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:'The application of modern reproductive techniques in plant and animal breeding limits genetic diversity.' Discuss this statement. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2015 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe a reproductive technique used in plant breeding
Answer
One common reproductive technique used in plant breeding is artificial pollination. This method involves transferring pollen from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female stigma of another flower. It allows for specific crosses between plant varieties, thus facilitating the creation of hybrids that may exhibit desirable traits such as increased yield or disease resistance.
Step 2
Describe a reproductive technique used in animal breeding
Answer
In animal breeding, artificial insemination is a widely used technique. This method involves collecting sperm from a male and introducing it into the reproductive tract of a female using specialized equipment. This allows breeders to select genetic traits from male animals that may be geographically distant or unavailable for natural breeding.
Step 3
Provide arguments that these techniques limit genetic diversity
Answer
Both artificial pollination and artificial insemination can indeed limit genetic diversity. By favoring certain traits through selective breeding, these techniques can lead to a reduction in the genetic pool. For example, if certain plant or animal varieties are consistently chosen for reproduction, it risks narrowing the genetic variation available within those species, making them more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes due to a lack of genetic variation.
Step 4
Provide arguments that these techniques do not limit genetic diversity
Answer
However, these techniques can also enhance genetic diversity in some cases. Artificial pollination can facilitate the introduction of diverse genetic material from various populations, improving overall genetic health. Similarly, artificial insemination allows for the use of sperm from genetically superior individuals from far-reaching locations, which can introduce new traits and increase genetic variation in offspring. This strategic approach to breeding can help combat the effects of inbreeding and promote a more diverse gene pool.