Describe the occurrence, symptoms, cause and treatment/management of a named non-infectious disease. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 20 - 2008 - Paper 1

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-infectious disease characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. It occurs due to metabolic disorders that affect insulin production or utilization.

Occurrence

Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, with an estimated 537 million adults aged 20-79 living with the disease in 2021. The incidence varies by region, with higher rates found in urban areas and among certain ethnic groups.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Long-term complications can lead to serious health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure, and neuropathy.

Cause

The main types of diabetes are Type 1, an autoimmune condition, and Type 2, which is primarily related to lifestyle factors, including obesity and physical inactivity. Genetic predisposition also plays a significant role in the development of both types.

Treatment/Management

Management of diabetes involves lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, to maintain blood glucose levels. Medications, including insulin and oral hypoglycemics, may be necessary. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is also crucial in effective management.