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Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 29
Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Process 1: Mutation
Answer
Mutation is a fundamental process that introduces new alleles into a population's gene pool. These changes can occur due to random errors during DNA replication or due to environmental factors. When a mutation occurs, it can lead to new traits or variations within a population. If these mutations confer a survival advantage, they can increase in frequency over time through natural selection, ultimately leading to evolutionary changes.
Step 2
Process 2: Gene Flow
Answer
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, occurs when individuals from one population migrate to another and interbreed. This process can alter the gene pool by introducing new genetic material into a population. For example, when members of a different population mate with individuals in a target population, the resulting offspring may carry alleles not previously present. This increased genetic diversity can lead to greater adaptability and potential evolutionary changes in response to environmental pressures.