Transformers: Electromagnetic Induction at Work (VCE SSCE Physics): Flashcards

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Transformers: Electromagnetic Induction at Work
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Electromagnetic induction

Generating current with changing magnetic field near wire

Transformer definition

Device changing voltage via electromagnetic induction in AC

Why transformers need AC not DC

AC creates changing flux; DC flux constant, no induction

Soft iron core function

Increases magnetic flux linking the coils

Turns ratio formula

V1V2=N1N2\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{N_1}{N_2}

Step-up transformer turns condition

N2>N1N_2 > N_1 (more turns on secondary)

Step-down transformer turns condition

N2<N1N_2 < N_1 (fewer turns on secondary)

Ideal transformer power equation

P1=P2P_1 = P_2 or V1I1=V2I2V_1I_1 = V_2I_2

Voltage steps up, current steps...

Down proportionally (power conserved)

Real transformer efficiency range

98-99%

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