Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug. 1. 2. Ziconotide was injected at 3 ng kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for 8 days into each patient. 1 ng = 1 × 10⁻⁹ g Calculate the total mass in grams of ziconotide injected after 8 days into a patient with a body mass of 82 kg. Show your working. Answer _______________ g When the patients recorded the intensity of pain, suggest two reasons why it was important to use a statistically valid scale. 1. 2.

A-Level AQA Biology Nervous Coordination (A Level only): Suggest two reasons why the pati

Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2

Question 2

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Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug. 1. 2. Ziconotide was ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2

Step 1

Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug.

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Answer

Ziconotide injected directly reaches the spinal cord, leading to more immediate effects.
The drug is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the digestive system, making injection a more effective route.

Step 2

Calculate the total mass in grams of ziconotide injected after 8 days into a patient with a body mass of 82 kg.

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Answer

First, calculate the total dosage per hour: $ext{Dosage} = 3 ext{ ng kg}^{-1} ext{ h}^{-1} imes 82 ext{ kg} = 246 ext{ ng h}^{-1}$

Next, convert nanograms to grams: $246 ext{ ng h}^{-1} = 246 imes 10^{-9} ext{ g h}^{-1}$

Then calculate the total over 8 days (where 1 day = 24 hours):
$ext{Total Injection} = 246 imes 10^{-9} ext{ g h}^{-1} imes (8 imes 24 ext{ h})$ $= 246 imes 10^{-9} ext{ g h}^{-1} imes 192 ext{ h} = 4.73 imes 10^{-5} ext{ g}$

Step 3

Suggest two reasons why it was important to use a statistically valid scale.

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101 rated

Answer

The (sensation of) pain is subjective, and a scale allows for more standardized assessment.
Individual pain sensitivity varies, and using a valid scale ensures that differences in pain detection are statistically significant.

Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2023 - Paper 2

Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug.

Calculate the total mass in grams of ziconotide injected after 8 days into a patient with a body mass of 82 kg.

Suggest two reasons why it was important to use a statistically valid scale.

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