Black bears can hibernate for up to 7 months without food or water (lines 1–2) - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 10 - 2020 - Paper 1

Black bears can survive for extended periods without food or water primarily through metabolic adaptations. During hibernation, they enter a state of torpor, characterized by a significantly reduced metabolic rate. This lowered metabolism minimizes their energy requirements, enabling them to rely on stored fat reserves for energy.

Moreover, the bears' body processes become more efficient, allowing them to conserve energy by lowering heart rate and body temperature. The stored fat is utilized in respiration, producing the necessary energy while producing less waste, which is crucial for long-term survival without the intake of food or water.