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Mutation is one cause of genetic variation in organisms - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1

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Mutation is one cause of genetic variation in organisms. Give two other causes of genetic variation. 1 2 In a species of flowering plant, the T allele for tallne... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Mutation is one cause of genetic variation in organisms - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1

Step 1

Give two other causes of genetic variation.

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Answer

  1. Independent segregation/assortment of homologous chromosomes.
  2. Random fusion of gametes.

Step 2

Name the relationship between the two alleles that code for flower colour.

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Answer

Codominance.

Step 3

Complete the genetic diagram to show all the possible genotypes and the ratio of phenotypes expected in the offspring of this cross.

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Answer

Phenotypes of parents: Dwarf, pink-flowered × Tall, white-flowered

Genotypes of parents: TtCc × TtCC

Genotypes of offspring: TtCc, TtCC, ttCc, ttCC

Phenotypes of offspring: Tall, pink-flowered, Tall, white-flowered, Dwarf, pink-flowered, Dwarf, white-flowered

Ratio of phenotypes: 4 Tall : 4 Dwarf.

Step 4

Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the percentage of pink-flowered plants in this population.

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Answer

Given that 9% of the population contains red-flowered plants (q^2 = 0.09), we first find q = √0.09 = 0.3.

To find p, we use the equation p + q = 1, thus p = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7.

The frequency of heterozygous plants (2pq) gives us 2 × 0.7 × 0.3 = 0.42 or 42% pink-flowered plants.

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