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In Europe, viruses have infected a large number of frogs of different species - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 3
In Europe, viruses have infected a large number of frogs of different species. The viruses are closely related and all belong to the Ranavirus group. Previously, th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In Europe, viruses have infected a large number of frogs of different species - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Suggest and explain how the viruses became able to infect other species of frog.
Answer
The viruses likely underwent a mutation in their viral RNA or DNA. This mutation may have altered the structure of the viral attachment protein, enabling it to bind to receptors on different frog species. Such changes in the viral genome can lead to the ability to infect new host species, allowing for a broader range of infections.
Step 2
Step 3
Explain how determining the genome of the viruses could allow scientists to develop a vaccine.
Answer
By determining the genome, scientists can identify specific proteins encoded by the virus. They can then identify potential antigens that the immune system can target. Once these antigens are identified, they can be used to develop a vaccine that prompts an immune response, offering protection against future infections.