Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated where I represents the chemical energy stored in ingested food F represents the chemical energy lost to the environment in faeces and urine R represents the respiratory losses to the environment. In the UK, some female cattle are only used for breeding. This female breeding herd has dairy cows and beef cows. Table 1 shows data on dairy cows and beef cows in the UK female breeding herd in December 2013 and December 2017. Table 1 Date Total number in female breeding herd / millions Percentage of total female breeding herd Dairy cows Beef cows December 2013 3.35 54 46 December 2017 3.45 55 45 In December 2017, the female breeding herd was 48% of all female cattle in the UK. Use Table 1 to calculate the percentage of all female cattle that were beef cows in the UK in December 2017. Answer _____________ % Use Table 1 to calculate the increase in the number of dairy cows in the UK female breeding herd between December 2013 and December 2017. Show your working. Increase in number _____________ Farming cattle for humans to eat is less efficient than farming crops because of energy transfer. Explain why.

A-Level AQA Biology DNA & Protein Synthesis: Put a tick (✓) in the box next t

Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated where I represents the chemical energy stored in ingested food F represents the chemical energy lost to the environment in faeces and urine R represents the respiratory losses to the environment - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 2

Question 2

Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated where I represents the chemical energy stored in ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated where I represents the chemical energy stored in ingested food F represents the chemical energy lost to the environment in faeces and urine R represents the respiratory losses to the environment - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 2

Step 1

Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated

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Answer

The correct equation for calculating the net production of consumers is given by:

$N = I - (F + R)$

This equation represents the net production, N, as the energy acquired through ingestion (I) minus the energy lost in feces (F) and through respiration (R).

Step 2

In December 2017, the female breeding herd was 48% of all female cattle in the UK. Use Table 1 to calculate the percentage of all female cattle that were beef cows in the UK in December 2017.

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Answer

In December 2017, the total number of female breeding cattle is 3.45 million. The percentage of beef cows in this herd is 45%.

To find the total number of female cattle:

$\text{Total female cattle} = \frac{3.45 \text{ million}}{0.48} = 7.1875 \text{ million}$

Now to find the number of beef cows:

$\text{Number of beef cows} = 0.45 \times 3.45 \text{ million} = 1.5525 \text{ million}$

Thus, the percentage of all female cattle that were beef cows is calculated as:

$\frac{1.5525}{7.1875} \times 100 \approx 21.6 \%$

Step 3

Use Table 1 to calculate the increase in the number of dairy cows in the UK female breeding herd between December 2013 and December 2017.

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Answer

In December 2013, the total number of dairy cows was:

$3.35 \text{ million} \times 0.54 = 1.809 \text{ million}$

In December 2017, the number of dairy cows was:

$3.45 \text{ million} \times 0.55 = 1.8975 \text{ million}$

The increase in the number of dairy cows is then:

$1.8975 - 1.809 = 0.0885 \text{ million}$

Converting this to a more recognizable unit:

$0.0885 \text{ million} = 88500 \text{ cows}$

Step 4

Explain why farming cattle for humans to eat is less efficient than farming crops because of energy transfer.

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Answer

Farming cattle is less efficient due to energy loss at trophic levels. When energy is transferred through a food chain, only about 10% of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level, while around 90% is lost through metabolic processes, such as movement, growth, and reproduction, as well as through respiration and excretion.

Additionally, energy is also lost in the form of heat during these processes, which further decreases the amount of energy available to be transferred up the food chain. As a result, more energy is required to produce a given amount of beef compared to crops, making it a less efficient food source for human consumption.

Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the equation that shows how the net production of consumers, N, can be calculated

In December 2017, the female breeding herd was 48% of all female cattle in the UK. Use Table 1 to calculate the percentage of all female cattle that were beef cows in the UK in December 2017.

Use Table 1 to calculate the increase in the number of dairy cows in the UK female breeding herd between December 2013 and December 2017.

Explain why farming cattle for humans to eat is less efficient than farming crops because of energy transfer.

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