Complete the following definitions - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 3
Question 4
Complete the following definitions.
The genome is
The proteome is
Recombinant DNA technology can involve the transfer of fragments of human DNA into bacteria. T... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Complete the following definitions - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 3
Step 1
The genome is
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
the complete set of genes in a cell or organism, or all the DNA in a cell.
Step 2
The proteome is
99%
104 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
the range of proteins that a cell or organism can produce, based on the expression of its genome.
Step 3
Give two reasons why bacteria are able to use human DNA to produce human proteins.
96%
101 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Bacteria use universal codons to translate human genes, as the genetic code is largely the same across all species.
Bacteria possess the necessary machinery for transcription and translation, allowing them to express human genes effectively.
Step 4
Suggest and explain one reason why bacteria might not be able to produce every human protein.
98%
120 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Bacteria lack the necessary post-translational modification systems required for certain human proteins. For instance, some proteins need specific glycosylation or folding processes that bacteria cannot provide.
Step 5
Name regions M and N shown in Figure 7.
97%
117 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Region M: Promoter
Region N: Terminator
Step 6
Explain the purpose of the marker gene.
97%
121 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The marker gene is used to identify successfully transformed cells or organisms that have incorporated the desired DNA fragment, facilitating the selection process.
Step 7
Suggest two explanations for the importance of the enhancer being included in the DNA fragment transferred.
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The enhancer ensures that the antithrombin gene is expressed at high levels in the milk-producing glands of the goat, enhancing protein yield.
The enhancer allows for tissue-specific expression, which is crucial for producing the protein where it is needed and preventing potential side effects elsewhere.
