Damage to the myelin sheath of neurones can cause muscular paralysis (lines 2-4) - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 10 - 2019 - Paper 2

Damage to the myelin sheath disrupts the process of saltatory conduction in neurones. The myelin sheath is essential for the rapid transmission of electrical impulses along the axon, as it allows impulses to jump between the nodes of Ranvier. When the myelin is damaged, the electrical signals may slow down or stop entirely, which prevents the efficient transmission of signals to the neuromuscular junction. This impairment can lead to weakened muscle contractions and ultimately result in muscular paralysis.