Photo AI
In the UK in 2016, there were 525,048 deaths - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 3
Question 5
In the UK in 2016, there were 525,048 deaths. Cancer caused 30.4% of all deaths. Throat cancer caused 5% of all deaths from cancer. Calculate the mean number of peo... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In the UK in 2016, there were 525,048 deaths - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 3
Step 1
Calculate the mean number of people who died of throat cancer per month.
Answer
-
First, calculate the total number of cancer deaths in the UK in 2016:
Total cancer deaths = 30.4% of 525,048 = 0.304 × 525,048 = 165,483.632 ≈ 165,484 deaths.
-
Next, find the number of deaths from throat cancer:
Throat cancer deaths = 5% of total cancer deaths = 0.05 × 165,484 = 8,274.2 ≈ 8,274 deaths.
-
Finally, calculate the mean number of people who died of throat cancer per month:
Mean per month = Total throat cancer deaths / 12 months = 8,274 / 12 = 689.5 ≈ 690 people per month.
Step 2
Suggest how EGCG allows the production of mRNA in daughter cells.
Answer
-
EGCG binds to the active site of the enzyme DNMT, inhibiting its function, which means it cannot methylate the promoter region of the tumour suppressor gene.
-
Without methylation, the transcription factors can bind more effectively to the promoter region, allowing for the transcription of the tumour suppressor gene.
-
EGCG may also activate RNA polymerase, which is essential for synthesizing mRNA from the DNA template.
Step 3
Suggest three reasons why his conclusion might not be valid.
Answer
-
The study only investigated EGCG in throat cancer cells, and results may not apply to other cancer types.
-
The experiments were conducted in vitro, meaning they do not necessarily reflect the complexities of living organisms.
-
There might be other factors influencing the results, such as different concentrations of EGCG that could affect growth rates.