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Describe one theory of personality as an explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 8
Describe one theory of personality as an explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe one theory of personality as an explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
Eysenck's Theory of Personality
Answer
One prominent personality theory related to crime and anti-social behaviour is Eysenck's theory. According to Eysenck, biological factors influence personality traits, which can predispose individuals toward criminal or anti-social behaviour.
Eysenck identifies three major dimensions of personality: extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. For example, the reticular activating system of the brain plays a crucial role in arousal and alertness. Individuals who are categorized as extroverts often operate under conditions of lower arousal compared to introverts.
As a result, extroverts may engage in anti-social behaviour as a means to increase their arousal levels. This drive for heightened stimulation can lead to risky or criminal activities. Furthermore, the sympathetic nervous system's heightened activity in certain individuals can lead to impulsive behaviours, which may also manifest as anti-social or criminal actions. Thus, Eysenck’s theory suggests that inherent personality traits, especially in terms of arousal and impulsivity, can be significant predictors of criminal behaviour.