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A wide variety of species exists on Earth - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 9
A wide variety of species exists on Earth. Most scientists accept Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as the explanation for this variety of species. ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:A wide variety of species exists on Earth - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
fossil evidence
Answer
Fossils provide critical evidence of life in the past, showcasing how species have changed over time. They serve as a biological record, indicating the existence of various species that once inhabited Earth. Researchers can observe the development of species through fossil records, noting transitions and evolution leading to extinction or the emergence of new species.
Additionally, gaps in the fossil record are constantly being examined and filled by new discoveries, giving clearer insight into the evolutionary history linking ancient species to those alive today. Understanding how fossils are formed, and the processes involved allows scientists to draw conclusions about evolution.
Step 2
increased understanding of the mechanisms of genetics
Answer
Genetics has revolutionized our understanding of evolution through studies such as Mendel's experiments with plants, which laid the groundwork for understanding heredity. By identifying dominant and recessive traits, scientists have discerned how genetic variations contribute to evolution within a species. Genetic variations, resulting from mutations or changes in structure, facilitate natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Moreover, understanding DNA structure and gene mechanisms has advanced our knowledge of how traits are inherited. Research on gene behavior aids in the understanding of how characteristics can vary and how these variations impact evolution over generations.