Ammonia is manufactured in the Haber process by the reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 3 - 2023 - Paper 1

The correct answer is:

D 450 °C and 200 atmospheres.

The purpose of iron in the Haber process is to act as a catalyst, which increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process.

When the temperature is decreased, the position of the equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the production of ammonia (NH₃). This occurs because the reaction is exothermic, meaning that lowering the temperature will favor the heat-producing side of the reaction.

1. Set up a sealed glass tube containing an equilibrium mixture of compounds A and B.
2. Place the sealed tube in a water bath at a controlled high temperature to ensure the equilibrium shifts to favor the formation of compound B.
3. Slowly lower the temperature of the water bath using ice in a beaker.
4. Observe and record the color change of the gas mixture in the tube.
5. The resulting pale brown color will indicate the shift in equilibrium towards compound A at lower temperatures, demonstrating the effect of temperature on equilibrium.