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Learn about Nucleic Acids: Structure & DNA Replication for your A-Level Biology Exam. This Revision Note includes a summary of Nucleic Acids: Structure & DNA Replication for easy recall in your Biology exam

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1.5.1 The Function of DNA & RNA

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) are essential nucleic acids that store and transfer genetic information within cells.

Function of DNA:

Storage of Genetic Information:
- DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of cells. It holds the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
- DNA's structure allows it to store vast amounts of genetic information, which is passed down from one generation to the next.
Replication:
- DNA can replicate itself, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed to new cells during cell division.

Function of RNA:

Transfer of Genetic Information:
- RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the cell's protein-making machinery.
- During protein synthesis, RNA copies the genetic code from DNA and transports it to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.
Types of RNA:
- mRNA (Messenger RNA): Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.
- tRNA (Transfer RNA): Brings amino acids to the ribosome to build proteins.
- rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): Combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.

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Differences between DNA and RNA

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
DNA contains the base thymine (T), whereas RNA contains uracil (U) instead.
DNA is mainly found in the nucleus, whereas RNA can travel out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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