Case Study → Migrants Crossing the Mediterranean Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level Edexcel Geography

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Learn about Topic 8: Migration, Identity & Sovereignty for your A-Level Geography Exam. This Revision Note includes a summary of Topic 8: Migration, Identity & Sovereignty for easy recall in your Geography exam

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Case Study → Migrants Crossing the Mediterranean

Context

● 2014-2019 → 2 mil illegal migrants and refugees entered Europe by crossing the
Mediterranean Sea
○ Approx 20,000 died/went missing (perilous journey, unsafe rafts)
● Over 1 mil arrived in 2015 alone
● Sending regions: Middle East, parts of Africa, Syria

The Migrants

● Very diverse
○ Mix of both economic migrants and refugees of varying faiths and ethnicities

Issues Arising
from the Mass
Movement

● Migrant status
Many migrants arrive w/ no papers/IS ∴ their origins and travel histories are unclear
Most are genuine refugees, but some may be economic migrants ∴ hard for receiving countries to decide who to provide a safe haven for
● Political reaction
Most Mediterranean migrants arrive in Greece/Italy where by law all asylum claims
must be processed • but neither of the countries want large amounts of migrants to
settle there permanently (they want to see the burden of resettlement shared w/
other EU members)
↳ ∴ decision was made to distribute genuine refugees across Europe (eg. Germany)
● Ethical debate
No. accepted asylum seekers in 2015 = <0.1% of the EU population. But still remains
an emotive issue that divides opinions
↳ 2015 • Dec Paris attacks turned out to be a Syrian refugee who travelled to France via Greece ∴ intensifying the ethical debate

| Influence of
Globalisation | ● Not the only cause
● Factors inc:
○ Global economic disparities
○ Shrinking world
■ Facebook group 2015 • Stations of the forced wanderers helped
100,000 + migrants exchange advice on how to avoid authorities
and find routes across European borders using GPS
|

                                                Migrants Crossing the Mediterranean*

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