Protein-define

Introduction:

• Proteins are fundamental molecules found in all living organisms, including plants and animals.
• They play essential roles in various biological processes and are crucial for life.

Definition:

• Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of smaller units called amino acids.

Amino Acids:

• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
• There are 20 different types of amino acids commonly found in proteins.
• Each amino acid has a unique structure and characteristic properties.

Formation of Proteins:

• Proteins are formed through a process called protein synthesis or translation.
• During protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form a chain, which then folds into a three-dimensional structure.

Examples of Proteins:

• Hemoglobin, insulin, antibodies, enzymes, collagen, keratin, actin, myosin.

Protein Structure:

• Proteins have a complex three-dimensional structure that determines their function.
• This structure is primarily dictated by the sequence of amino acids.

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Protein-define

Functions of Proteins:

1. Enzymes: Proteins act as biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in cells.
2. Structure: Proteins provide structural support to cells and tissues. Examples include collagen in the skin and keratin in hair and nails.
3. Transport: Some proteins, like haemoglobin, transport molecules such as oxygen in the blood.
4. Immunity: Antibodies are proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by defending against pathogens.
5. Hormones: Hormonal proteins regulate various physiological processes, including growth and metabolism.
6. Muscle Contraction: Proteins like actin and myosin are responsible for muscle contraction.
7. Storage: Some proteins store essential molecules, such as ferritin storing iron in the body.
8. Cell Signalling: Proteins act as messengers to transmit signals within cells and between cells.

Conclusion:

• Proteins are vital biomolecules that serve diverse functions in living organisms.
• Their structural diversity and functional versatility make them essential for life processes.