Sensory Memory

Introduction

Sensory memory is the first and shortest stage of memory processing. It is a crucial component of our cognitive system that allows us to briefly retain and process sensory information from our environment, including visual and auditory stimuli. In this section, we will delve into the characteristics, functions, and limitations of sensory memory.

Characteristics of Sensory Memory

Duration

Sensory memory retains information for a very brief period, lasting a few seconds at most. It provides a temporary buffer for sensory input before it is either discarded or further processed.

Capacity

Sensory memory has a large capacity to hold sensory information. It can store a vast amount of data simultaneously from various sensory modalities.

Types of Sensory Memory

1. Iconic Memory (Visual Sensory Memory)

• Definition: Iconic memory is the sensory memory system responsible for retaining visual information. It allows us to briefly perceive and remember visual stimuli.
• Examples: When you glance at a picture for a fraction of a second but can still describe some of its details, you are utilising iconic memory.

2. Echoic Memory (Auditory Sensory Memory)

• Definition: Echoic memory is the sensory memory system that stores auditory information. It enables us to briefly recall and process sounds or auditory stimuli.
• Examples: If you hear a sudden noise and can recall its characteristics for a brief moment, it is due to echoic memory.

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Sensory Memory

Functions of Sensory Memory

1. Information Buffer

Sensory memory acts as a temporary information buffer, holding sensory input for a brief moment before further processing or storage in short-term memory.

2. Perception Continuity

It ensures the continuity of our perception by briefly retaining sensory input, allowing us to perceive and understand our environment seamlessly.

Limitations of Sensory Memory

1. Brief Duration

Sensory memory has an extremely short duration, typically lasting only a few seconds. Information that is not quickly transferred to short-term memory is likely to fade.

2. Selective Encoding

Not all sensory input is encoded into short-term memory. Only selected images and sounds that capture our attention or are deemed significant are processed further.

Summary

Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory processing that briefly retains and processes sensory information from our environment. It consists of iconic memory for visual stimuli and echoic memory for auditory stimuli. Sensory memory serves as an information buffer, ensuring the continuity of perception, but it has limitations, including its very brief duration and selective encoding of sensory input. Understanding sensory memory is crucial in comprehending how our brain processes and interprets the sensory world around us.