The Nurture Argument

Introduction:

The nurture argument posits that societal and environmental factors significantly influence individuals' likelihood to engage in criminal behaviour.

Factors in Society and Environment:

Poverty:

• American criminologist Robert Merton's perspective:
  • Denial of traditional success avenues (education, good jobs) in impoverished environments.
  • Inequality contributes to crime, with the poorest facing the highest risk.

Family Relationships:

• Deprivation in Childhood:
  • Criminal psychologists' studies reveal a connection between childhood deprivation and criminal tendencies.
• Impact of Poor Parenting:
  • Characteristics of poor parenting:
    • Unsupervised children.
    • Lack of parental time investment.
    • Parental problems (alcohol dependency, family break-up).
  • Increases the likelihood of criminal involvement in later years.

Childhood Development and Crime:

Crucial Early Years:

• Significance of Early Relationships:
  • Studies emphasise the critical nature of a child's relationship, particularly with the mother, in the early years.
• Positive vs. Poor Relationships:
  • Proper nurturing in early years correlates with positive self-esteem and healthy relationships.
  • Poor relationships may lead to disregard for personal well-being, difficulties in interpersonal relations, and a lack of respect for others and their property.

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The Nurture Argument- Poverty & Family Relationships

Psychological Impact:

• Development of Deviant Behaviour:
  • Argument that children with poor early experiences are more prone to develop deviant or criminal behaviour.
• Impact on the child's values, attitudes, and social conduct.

Conclusion:

• The nurture argument underscores the influence of societal and familial environments in shaping individuals' propensity for criminal behaviour.
• Early interventions and positive relationships are crucial for preventing the development of deviant tendencies.