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Write an account of one of the following topics: (i) Causes of the American War of Independence - Junior Cycle History - Question C - 2008
Question C
Write an account of one of the following topics: (i) Causes of the American War of Independence. (ii) The Reign of Terror in France, September 1793 to July 1794. ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write an account of one of the following topics: (i) Causes of the American War of Independence - Junior Cycle History - Question C - 2008
Step 1
Causes of the American War of Independence.
Answer
The American War of Independence was sparked by a combination of economic, political, and social factors. Key causes include:
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Taxation without Representation: The British Parliament imposed taxes on the American colonies without their consent, leading to widespread resentment.
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The Stamp Act (1765): This act required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents, newspapers, and other items, angering colonists and spurring the formation of groups like the Sons of Liberty.
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The Boston Tea Party (1773): In protest against the Tea Act, colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor, escalating tensions between Britain and the colonies.
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Intolerable Acts (1774): A series of punitive measures taken by Britain in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, further uniting the colonies against British rule.
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Desire for Independence: Growing sentiment among colonists that they should have the right to govern themselves and determine their own laws.
Step 2
The Reign of Terror in France, September 1793 to July 1794.
Answer
The Reign of Terror was a chaotic period during the French Revolution characterized by extreme political purges and executions. Key points include:
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Political Instability: France faced threats from both external enemies and internal factions, which heightened revolutionary paranoia.
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Committee of Public Safety: Established to protect the revolution, this body wielded extraordinary powers, leading to the arrest and execution of perceived enemies.
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The Law of Suspects: Implemented to secure the revolution by allowing for the arrest of individuals thought to be counter-revolutionaries.
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Executions: Thousands were executed, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, leading to widespread fear.
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Robespierre's Fall: The execution of Robespierre in July 1794 marked the end of the Reign of Terror, reflecting the revolutionaries' growing discontent with extreme methods.
Step 3
Reasons for the failure of the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland.
Answer
The 1798 Rebellion in Ireland aimed to achieve independence from British rule but ultimately failed for several reasons:
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Lack of Unity: The rebellion suffered from divisions among various groups, including Protestants and Catholics, which hindered a coordinated effort.
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Poor Planning and Leadership: The United Irishmen lacked effective military strategies and experienced leadership, leading to chaos on the ground.
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British Military Response: The British forces were well-prepared and ruthlessly suppressed the uprising with superior tactics and firepower.
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Loyalist Sentiment: Many Irish people remained loyal to the British crown, undermining the rebels' efforts and support.
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Timing and Resources: The rebellion was poorly timed and lacked supplies, making it difficult for the insurgents to sustain their efforts against the British military.