An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. (i) How many protons does this atom contain? (ii) How many neutrons does this atom contain? (iii) Complete the diagram below, drawing all the electrons on the Bohr structure for this sodium atom. The two electrons on the first shell are already drawn for you. (iv) Name the Group of the Periodic Table to which sodium belongs. (v) What type of bond does sodium form with chlorine? (vi) Why is sodium usually stored in a jar of oil, as shown in the photograph? (vii) When sodium reacts with water, two products are formed. Name these two products.

Junior Cycle Science Atomic Structure: An atom of sodium has an atomic

An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018

Question b

An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. (i) How many protons does this atom contain? (ii) How many neutrons does this atom contain? ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018

Step 1

How many protons does this atom contain?

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Answer

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which means it contains 11 protons.

Step 2

How many neutrons does this atom contain?

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Answer

To find the number of neutrons, we can use the formula:

$ext{Number of Neutrons} = ext{Mass Number} - ext{Atomic Number}$

For sodium:

$ext{Number of Neutrons} = 23 - 11 = 12$

Thus, sodium contains 12 neutrons.

Step 3

Complete the diagram below, drawing all the electrons on the Bohr structure for this sodium atom.

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Answer

The Bohr structure of a sodium atom includes:

2 electrons in the first shell
8 electrons in the second shell
1 electron in the third shell

This can be depicted as:

First shell: 2 (already drawn)
Second shell: 8 electrons
Third shell: 1 electron

Step 4

Name the Group of the Periodic Table to which sodium belongs.

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Answer

Sodium belongs to the alkali metals group in the Periodic Table.

Step 5

What type of bond does sodium form with chlorine?

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Answer

Sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine.

Step 6

Why is sodium usually stored in a jar of oil, as shown in the photograph?

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Answer

Sodium is highly reactive, particularly with water and oxygen. Storing it in oil prevents it from coming into contact with moisture or air, reducing the risk of a chemical reaction.

Step 7

When sodium reacts with water, two products are formed. Name these two products.

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Answer

When sodium reacts with water, it produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H₂).

An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018

Worked Solution & Example Answer:An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018

How many protons does this atom contain?

How many neutrons does this atom contain?

Complete the diagram below, drawing all the electrons on the Bohr structure for this sodium atom.

Name the Group of the Periodic Table to which sodium belongs.

What type of bond does sodium form with chlorine?

Why is sodium usually stored in a jar of oil, as shown in the photograph?

When sodium reacts with water, two products are formed. Name these two products.

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