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Account for the different nutrient compositions of a dairy ration and a beef ration - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2008
Question 6
Account for the different nutrient compositions of a dairy ration and a beef ration. Describe the feeding programme for a calf from birth to weaning in a spring-cal... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Account for the different nutrient compositions of a dairy ration and a beef ration - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2008
Step 1
Account for the different nutrient compositions of a dairy ration and a beef ration.
Answer
Dairy rations generally have a higher protein content compared to beef rations. This is due to the need for more protein per cow in milk production, as dairy cows require protein to generate milk. Additionally, dairy rations tend to have more calcium to prevent milk fever and magnesium to mitigate the risk of grass tetany.
Conversely, beef rations focus on gaining weight efficiently; therefore, they may contain more energy-dense feeds that promote fat deposition but lower protein levels than dairy rations. The one key difference is that a dairy ration emphasizes nutrient content that supports lactation, while a beef ration concentrates on muscle and fat growth.
Step 2
Describe the feeding programme for a calf from birth to weaning in a spring-calving dairy herd.
Answer
The feeding programme for calves starts with providing colostrum immediately after birth to ensure they receive essential antibodies. Following colostrum, calves should be given milk replacers or whole milk, typically for about 8-10 weeks, and gradually introduced to solid feeds such as concentrates and hay to ensure proper diet transition. By weaning, calves should weigh at least 80-100 pounds and have a sufficient intake of solid feed to support growth and development.
Step 3
List four advantages of in-wintering of ewes.
Answer
- Ensures proper feeding before lambing, which can lower the risk of lambing difficulties.
- Easier observation and management at lambing, allowing for quick responses to any issues.
- Facilitates better control over the health and nutrition of both ewes and their lambs.
- Prevents predation and maintains pasture management for the upcoming spring season.
Step 4
Explain the technique known as flushing in sheep production and give two of its advantages.
Answer
Flushing is the practice of increasing the nutritional intake of ewes prior to breeding season. This method nourishes the ewes with a low plane of nutrition, normally improved with richer pastures or supplements for about 2 to 4 weeks before mating.
Advantages of flushing include:
- Increased numbers of eggs released during ovulation, leading to a higher lambing rate.
- Improved conception rates and better embryo implantation, contributing to overall flock productivity.