1. (a) (i) Name two breeds of sheep used in mountain sheep production - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 1 - 2009

For lowland sheep production, typical breeds include Suffolk and Texel, along with others such as Galway or Oxford Down.

In a mountain sheep enterprise, practices often involve the replacement of ewes and selling lambs after they have been fattened for the Italian market. Ewes are typically retained for at least 4-5 years and may be sold to lowland farmers. In contrast, in a lowland sheep enterprise, weaning occurs at 12-14 weeks, with lambs being sold once they reach target weights. Ewe selection and culling are also crucial components, alongside appropriate nutritional practices and management.

The term polyestrous refers to sheep being capable of coming into heat multiple times within a year, typically around every 15-19 days, making them suitable for breeding in various seasons.

The length of the oestrous cycle in sheep is approximately 15-19 days, inclusive of the entire cycle.

To breed out of season, it is essential to bring ewes into heat by using a sponge or hormone treatment to induce synchronous estrus. Once the ewes are ready, they should be mated with rams after 12-16 days, following which a PMSG injection may be administered to enhance ovulation. Ewes should then be mated 1-2 days later to ensure optimal conception rates.

A suitable ram-to-ewe ratio when breeding out of season is typically 1:10, ensuring that each ram is able to adequately breed with up to ten ewes.