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Discuss the management practices which contribute to low levels of ewe and lamb mortality at lambing time - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 1 - 2016
Question Question 1
Discuss the management practices which contribute to low levels of ewe and lamb mortality at lambing time. Compare a lowland sheep production system with a hill she... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Discuss the management practices which contribute to low levels of ewe and lamb mortality at lambing time - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 1 - 2016
Step 1
Discuss the management practices which contribute to low levels of ewe and lamb mortality at lambing time.
Answer
To reduce ewe and lamb mortality at lambing, several key management practices can be implemented:
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Housing: Providing adequate shelter protects sheep from adverse weather conditions that could harm both the ewe and the newborn lambs.
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Hygiene: Maintaining good hygiene in the lambing area reduces the risk of infections and disease transmission.
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Avoidance of Predators: Implementing measures to deter predators ensures the safety of ewes and lambs.
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Feeding Program: A correct feeding program, rich in nutrients, provides ewes with the energy required for birthing and nursing.
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Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups and vaccinations, along with timely interventions during complications, are crucial.
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Colostrum Management: Ensuring that lambs receive adequate colostrum shortly after birth is vital for building immunity.
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Monitoring: Actively monitoring ewes during lambing can help in identifying and assisting those who require help.
Step 2
(i) Choice of breed.
Answer
In a lowland sheep production system, typical choices include breeds that are good for meat production, such as the Texel or Suffolk. These breeds are known for their ability to produce twins and show good mothering abilities. Meanwhile, hill sheep systems might favor breeds like the Welsh Mountain or Cheviot, which are more resilient in harsh conditions but may have different production traits.
Step 3
(ii) Stocking rate.
Answer
In lowland systems, a typical stocking rate is between 10-15 ewes per hectare, which allows for optimal grazing and management. Conversely, in hill systems, the stocking rate is often lower (2-7 ewes per hectare) due to poorer grazing quality and more rugged terrain.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Describe the main characteristics to be considered when selecting a grass variety for grazing.
Answer
When selecting a grass variety for grazing, the following characteristics should be considered:
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Productivity: It should have a high yield to support livestock feeding needs.
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Aggressiveness: The grass should competently compete with weeds and less desirable plants.
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Persistence: The variety should be reliable, growing efficiently each year without requiring constant re-seeding.
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Digestibility: Ideally, the grass should be easily digested by the animals to ensure optimal nutrient absorption.
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Nutrition: The variety should provide a well-balanced diet that meets the nutritional needs of livestock, enhancing overall growth and health.
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Palatability: Lastly, the taste must be appealing to animals to encourage grazing.