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6. (a) Weeds, pests and diseases in crops may be controlled by direct and indirect methods - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2016
Question 6
6. (a) Weeds, pests and diseases in crops may be controlled by direct and indirect methods. (i) What is meant by indirect control? (ii) Describe three methods o... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. (a) Weeds, pests and diseases in crops may be controlled by direct and indirect methods - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2016
Step 1
What is meant by indirect control?
Answer
Indirect control refers to any method of pest or disease management that does not directly target the pest or disease but rather creates conditions that make it less likely for them to thrive. This can include practices that promote the health of crops, enhance biodiversity, or disrupt the pest's life cycle.
Step 2
Describe three methods of indirect control commonly used in Irish agriculture.
Answer
- Crop Rotation: This involves alternating different types of crops in the same area across seasons, which helps interrupt the life cycles of pests and diseases that target specific plants.
- Stubble Cleaning: By removing leftover stubble from previous crops, farmers can reduce habitats for pests and diseases, thereby limiting their proliferation.
- Resistant Varieties: Utilizing crop varieties that are more resistant to pests reduces the attack on crops, promoting healthier growth.
Step 3
Explain four characteristics that would determine the suitability of a soil for root crops.
Answer
- Texture: The soil should possess a balance between sand, silt, and clay, as this affects drainage and aeration.
- pH: Soil pH impacts nutrient availability; the ideal range for most root crops is typically between 6.0 and 7.0.
- Organic Matter: High organic content improves soil fertility and structure, retaining moisture and nutrients effectively.
- Drainage: Adequate drainage is crucial to prevent waterlogging, which can damage root crops and inhibit growth.
Step 4
Give four possible causes of lodging in cereal crops.
Answer
- Wind: Strong winds can physically damage the stems of the crops, leading to lodging.
- Rain: Excessive rainfall can saturate the soil, causing roots to loosen and plants to fall.
- Tall Varieties: Some cereal varieties are more prone to lodging due to their height and weaker stems.
- Disease/Pest Attack: Infestations or diseases that weaken the plants can increase the likelihood of lodging.
Step 5
Describe two sources of damage to potato tubers during storage.
Answer
- Frost Damage: Storing potatoes in temperatures below freezing can cause ice crystals to form inside the tubers, making them mushy and unpalatable.
- Rodent Activity: Mice and other rodents can damage tubers by gnawing on them, which can lead to rot and spoilage.