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The correct amount of nitrogen fertiliser is of great benefit to crop growth, but excessive nitrogen can have negative effects - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2016
Question b
The correct amount of nitrogen fertiliser is of great benefit to crop growth, but excessive nitrogen can have negative effects. Discuss this statement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The correct amount of nitrogen fertiliser is of great benefit to crop growth, but excessive nitrogen can have negative effects - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2016
Step 1
Benefits of nitrogen:
Answer
Nitrogen plays a crucial role in plant development. The correct amount of nitrogen fertiliser can:
- Stimulate Growth: Nitrogen is essential for the stimulation of leaf and stem growth. It increases tillering, which refers to the production of side shoots or additional stems in cereal crops.
- Improve Photosynthesis: A proper nitrogen level enhances chlorophyll production, thereby improving photosynthesis which is vital for plant vitality.
- Increase Yield: Adequate nitrogen also helps in protein synthesis, contributing to cell division, ultimately leading to increased yield.
Step 2
Negative effects of excessive nitrogen:
Answer
While nitrogen is beneficial, excessive amounts can lead to several adverse effects:
- Increased Lodging: High nitrogen levels can make crops more prone to lodging, which is when crops fall over before harvest due to weak stems.
- Delayed Ripening: Excessive nitrogen can cause crops to mature more slowly, delaying harvest times.
- Increased Disease Susceptibility: Crops that receive too much nitrogen can become more susceptible to diseases and pests.
- Quality Reduction: For crops like potatoes, excessive nitrogen can reduce quality, affecting market value.
- Environmental Issues: Surplus nitrogen can lead to water pollution, eutrophication, and leaching, harming aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, it can increase frost susceptibility and burning risks.