Explain the following terms used in genetics: (i) Gamete A sex cell (allow a sperm (cell) or an egg (cell)) (ii) In-breeding Mating or crossing two closely related (species of) plants or animals (iii) Clone A group of genetically identical organisms or a group of asexually produced individuals deriving from the same parent (allow an asexually reproduced individual) Livestock without horns are referred to as polled animals. In sheep the gene for having no horns (P) is dominant, and the gene for having horns (p) is recessive. Copy and complete the following into your answer book, to give the genotype and phenotype of the lambs from the cross. Parents’ phenotypes Pure-breeding polled ram Horned ewe Parents’ genotypes PP pp Gametes ( ) ( ) Genotype of offspring ( ) Phenotype of offspring ( ) A ram and a ewe with the same genotype as the offspring above are bred with each other. Copy and complete the following into your answer book, to give the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the lambs from this cross. Parents’ genotypes ( ) x ( ) Possible gametes ( ) ( ) Genotypes of offspring ( ) ( ) Phenotypes of offspring ( ) ( ) Artificial insemination (AI) is carried out on some farm animals. (i) State two advantages of artificial insemination. (ii) State two disadvantages of artificial insemination.

Leaving Cert Agricultural Science Genetics: Explain the following terms used

Explain the following terms used in genetics: (i) Gamete A sex cell (allow a sperm (cell) or an egg (cell)) (ii) In-breeding Mating or crossing two closely related (species of) plants or animals (iii) Clone A group of genetically identical organisms or a group of asexually produced individuals deriving from the same parent (allow an asexually reproduced individual) Livestock without horns are referred to as polled animals - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 10 - 2019

Question 10

Explain the following terms used in genetics: (i) Gamete A sex cell (allow a sperm (cell) or an egg (cell)) (ii) In-breeding Mating or crossing two closely related... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the following terms used in genetics: (i) Gamete A sex cell (allow a sperm (cell) or an egg (cell)) (ii) In-breeding Mating or crossing two closely related (species of) plants or animals (iii) Clone A group of genetically identical organisms or a group of asexually produced individuals deriving from the same parent (allow an asexually reproduced individual) Livestock without horns are referred to as polled animals - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 10 - 2019

Step 1

Gamete

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Answer

A gamete is defined as a sex cell in an organism, which can be either a sperm cell (in males) or an egg cell (in females). These cells are fundamental in sexual reproduction as they carry genetic information from each parent to the offspring.

Step 2

In-breeding

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In-breeding refers to the mating or crossing of two closely related organisms, which can often lead to a higher chance of genetic disorders due to reduced genetic diversity.

Step 3

Clone

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Answer

A clone is a group of genetically identical organisms produced asexually from a single parent. Cloning results in individuals that are exact genetic replicas of the original organism.

Step 4

Parents’ phenotypes

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Answer

Pure-breeding polled ram and Horned ewe

Step 5

Parents’ genotypes

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PP x pp

Step 6

Gametes

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Answer

P x p

Step 7

Genotype of offspring

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Step 8

Phenotype of offspring

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Polled

Step 9

Parents’ genotypes

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(Pp) x (Pp)

Step 10

Possible gametes

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(P) (p) and (P) (p)

Step 11

Genotypes of offspring

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PP, Pp, Pp, pp

Step 12

Phenotypes of offspring

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Polled, Horned

Step 13

State two advantages of artificial insemination.

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Access to superior genetics as bulls can be located at distant locations.
Reduced risk of sexually transmitted diseases when using AI.

Step 14

State two disadvantages of artificial insemination.

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Requires skilled personnel for accurate heat detection.
May lead to lower conception rates and more labor intensity.

Gamete

In-breeding

Clone

Parents’ phenotypes

Parents’ genotypes

Gametes

Genotype of offspring

Phenotype of offspring

Parents’ genotypes

Possible gametes

Genotypes of offspring

Phenotypes of offspring

State two advantages of artificial insemination.

State two disadvantages of artificial insemination.

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