Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the leaves of green plants - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 1 - 2019

1. Thin Structure: The leaf is thin, which facilitates the rapid diffusion of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, optimizing the photosynthesis process.

2. Large Surface Area: Leaves have a broad surface area that increases exposure to sunlight, thereby enhancing light absorption necessary for photosynthesis.

3. Chloroplasts: High concentrations of chloroplasts are located in the upper layer of the leaf, maximizing light capture due to their positioning.

4. Stomata: Leaves contain stomata that allow for gas exchange. This is crucial as it enables the leaf to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen efficiently.

Photosynthesis contributes significantly to the feeding value of silage by providing a source of carbohydrates, which are crucial for fermentation processes. High carbohydrate content ensures that the silage ferments properly, enhancing the nutritional value.

Micro-organisms play an essential role in silage making. For instance, lactic acid bacteria are beneficial because they ferment sugars into lactic acid, which preserves the silage by lowering the pH and preventing spoilage. Additionally, certain micro-organisms can cause undesirable effects, such as the spoilage of silage if not properly managed, leading to a decrease in feed value.

Positive Effects of Micro-organisms:

1. Nitrogen Fixation: Certain bacteria, such as Rhizobia, can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil, making it available for plant uptake, thus enhancing soil fertility.

2. Decomposition: Micro-organisms decompose organic matter, enriching the soil with nutrients and improving its structure, which supports plant growth.

Negative Effects of Micro-organisms:

1. Plant Diseases: Some micro-organisms can cause diseases in plants, leading to significant crop losses.

2. Food Spoilage: Micro-organisms can lead to spoilage of crops and stored food products, causing economic losses and waste.