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Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The formation of rancid silage - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2015
Question 9
Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The formation of rancid silage. (b) Spreading slurry at least seven weeks before cutting grass for ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The formation of rancid silage - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2015
Step 1
The formation of rancid silage.
Answer
Rancid silage forms primarily due to improper fermentation. When silage is made, the oxygen is displaced, allowing anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridia, to thrive. If there is insufficient lactic acid production or if the pH level does not drop low enough, this allows for the growth of undesirable bacteria that break down nutrients, creating butyric acid, which results in rancidity. Proper wet harvesting and avoiding contamination from soil or slurry are crucial.
Step 2
Spreading slurry at least seven weeks before cutting grass for silage.
Answer
Spreading slurry at least seven weeks before cutting grass for silage allows time for the nutrients in the slurry to assimilate into the soil. This period helps prevent soil erosion and nutrient runoff into water sources, while also promoting better grass growth. This practice ensures the grass has time to decompose and utilize nutrients, leading to a more nutrient-rich silage.
Step 3
Retention and conservation of hedgerows on a farm.
Answer
Retention and conservation of hedgerows are vital for maintaining biodiversity and preventing soil erosion. Hedgerows provide habitat for various flora and fauna, thereby promoting ecological balance. They also protect crops from extreme weather conditions, acting as windbreaks, and serve as natural corridors for wildlife. Maintaining these hedgerows can aid in sustainable farming practices.
Step 4
The testing of milk by dairies.
Answer
Dairy testing involves checking for bacterial levels, somatic cell counts (SCC), and antibiotic residues. The Total Bacterial Count (TBC) assesses microbial quality. Somatic cell testing indicates the health of the dairy herd, as higher counts suggest mastitis. Regular testing ensures that milk meets safety standards and identifies any problematic bacteria, which is crucial for consumer safety.