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Answer the following questions in relation to the cell cycle - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2017
Question c
Answer the following questions in relation to the cell cycle. (i) Explain the term diploid. (ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the position of the chromosomes du... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer the following questions in relation to the cell cycle - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2017
Step 1
Explain the term diploid.
Answer
The term 'diploid' refers to a cell or organism that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. This means that for each chromosome, there are two homologous chromosomes present. In humans, for example, diploid cells have a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
Step 2
Draw a labelled diagram to show the position of the chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis in a diploid nucleus in which 2n = 4.
Answer
During anaphase of mitosis in a diploid cell where 2n = 4, each chromosome is pulled apart at the centromere, separating the sister chromatids. The resulting position shows two sets of chromosomes moving toward opposite poles of the cell.
Diagram Description: The diagram should illustrate four chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids, with arrows indicating movement towards the spindle poles. Labels should include 'Chromosome', 'Spindle', and 'Centromere'.
Step 3
After telophase of mitosis, how do 1. animal cells; 2. plant cells, split in two?
Answer
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Animal cells split through a process known as cleavage, where a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell membrane inward until the cell divides into two daughter cells.
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Plant cells split by forming a cell plate at the center of the cell, which develops into a new cell wall that separates the two daughter cells.
Step 4
What is the function of mitosis in 1. single-celled organisms; 2. multi-celled organisms?
Answer
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In single-celled organisms, mitosis functions primarily for asexual reproduction, allowing the organism to produce genetically identical offspring.
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In multi-celled organisms, mitosis serves multiple purposes including growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as well as replacing dead or damaged cells.