Answer any two of (a), (b), (c), (d) - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 16 - 2021
Question 16
Answer any two of (a), (b), (c), (d).
(a) The diagram shows some parts of the longitudinal section (L.S.) of human skin. The skin is important in excretion and temp... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer any two of (a), (b), (c), (d) - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 16 - 2021
Step 1
Which labelled structure is involved in vasoconstriction?
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Answer
The labelled structure involved in vasoconstriction is B (arteriole). This structure plays a critical role in regulating blood flow.
Step 2
Describe in detail the role of vasoconstriction in temperature regulation.
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Answer
Vasoconstriction occurs when the arterioles narrow, reducing blood flow to the skin. In cold conditions, this helps retain heat in the body's core by minimizing heat loss through the skin. As a result, less blood reaches the skin's surface, maintaining a warmer internal body temperature and protecting vital organs from hypothermia.
Step 3
Which labelled structure is involved in piloerection?
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Answer
The labelled structure involved in piloerection is A (hair). During piloerection, tiny muscles at the base of hair follicles contract, causing the hairs to stand upright, which helps in trapping air for insulation.
Step 4
Which labelled structure is involved in both excretion and temperature regulation?
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Answer
The labelled structure involved in both excretion and temperature regulation is C (sweat gland). This gland produces sweat, which cools the body through evaporation, and it also helps in excreting waste products.
Step 5
Name the excretory product produced by the structure stated at part (iv).
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The excretory product produced by the sweat gland is sweat, which includes water and electrolytes such as sodium and chloride.
Step 6
Humans can generate their own heat and regulate their own body temperature. What name is given to such organisms?
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Organisms that can generate their own heat and regulate their body temperature are called endotherms.
Step 7
Name two other systems in which the skin has a role:
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Two other systems in which the skin has a role are:
Nervous system: The skin contains sensory receptors that enable the sense of touch, pain, and temperature.
Defence (or immune system): The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens and plays a role in the immune response.
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